====== Singularities ======
===== References =====
review papers on stress singularity identification and characterization, GB Sinclair et al.:
  * {{:wikipaom2016:sinclair_i.pdf|}}
  * {{:wikipaom2016:sinclair_ii.pdf|}}
  * {{:wikipaom2016:sinclair_et_al_practical_convergence_divergenze_checks_for_stresses_from_fea.pdf|}}

===== FEM Examples =====

==== Singular/nonsingular behaviour transition in a cantilever beam ====
slight perturbations of the theoretical clamped/free limit angle
{{:wikipaom2016:test_singolarita_clamped-free_v2005r3.mud|}}

Figure 2d, p.6 sinclair_ii pdf, κ=2; actually plane strain, $\nu=0.3$, critical angle from eq. (2.19).
==== A questionable ball bearing modeling for axle support ====
{{:wikipaom2015:singolarita_cuscinetti_tensioni.gif?400|}}
{{:wikipaom2015:singolarita_cuscinetti_cedimenti.gif?400|}}

{{:wikipaom2016:singolarita_cuscinetti_dubbia_modellazione.mud| modello marc/mentat}}

==== spot welding on a thin walled profile in torsion ====
steel, 80x80mm square section, 2.5 mm thickness.
modeled portion: 40mm in the axial direction, with 1 spot weld whose nominal diameter is 4mm.

file:
  * {{ :wikifemfuchde2020:spotweldedprofile_singular.mfd | single node spot weld}}
  * {{ :wikifemfuchde2020:spotweldedprofile_rbe2.mfd | rbe2 "distributed" spot weld}}
  * {{ :wikifemfuchde2020:spotweldedprofile_results.xls |collected results}}